Upgrade Guide

System Updates and Firmware Maintenance

XGO has two separately maintained software layers: Luwu-OS on the Raspberry Pi runs the interface and applications; motion-controller firmware runs on the lower control board. Choose the procedure for the layer you need to update.

Before updating

Record the product model, CM4 / CM5 and carrier-board configuration, installed system image, and MCU firmware version. Back up programs and configuration before reinstalling. Select the image or firmware explicitly offered for that product and hardware; a version number in an old screenshot is not a recommendation for every device.

1. Routine Luwu-OS update

1. Connect the robot to a network that can reach the update service and keep power stable.

2. Open Settings → Check for Updates. Review the version information supplied by the device and follow the download/install prompts.

3. Wait for the restart, then check About, network access and normal functions. If the image has no update entry, use its release instructions.

This updates the system and applications. Motion-controller firmware is maintained separately.

2. Reinstall or recover the system image

Use this path when the system cannot start, the SD card is replaced, or a fresh image is required. Writing an image erases the selected card. Check the target’s name and capacity and back up anything you need to keep.

Option A: Luwu Imager

• Download Luwu Imager for Windows

• Download Luwu Imager for macOS

1. Power off and disconnect the robot, remove the system card according to its hardware layout, and connect it to the computer with a card reader.

2. Open Luwu Imager and select the matching product and compatible image offered by the tool. Do not substitute another model if yours is not listed.

3. Select the SD card by name and capacity. It must hold the complete uncompressed image; the compressed download size is not the required card capacity.

4. If the tool offers network, hostname or account presets, fill them in as needed. Confirm the target, then start writing.

5. Wait for writing and verification to finish, safely remove the card, reinstall it with the robot powered off, and boot. Use the credentials configured for that image.

Option B: official image + balenaEtcher

1. Download the appropriate tool for Windows, macOS or Linux from balenaEtcher.

2. Open Luwu-OS Releases. Read the release compatibility notes and download the .img.gz system image from Assets. Source code archives and Luwu Imager installers are not system images.

3. In balenaEtcher, choose Flash from file and select the .img.gz or extracted .img. Choose Select target and verify the SD card’s name and capacity.

4. Click Flash!, grant the OS write permission if requested, and wait for writing and Validating to finish. Do not unplug the card during the process.

5. Safely remove the card and reinstall it with the robot powered off. If Windows offers to format the written card, cancel; formatting would damage the new system partitions.

If writing or verification fails, check the complete download, card capacity and write protection, then try a different reader, USB port or SD card. Available versions and download sizes are defined by the release, rather than by this guide.

3. Flash the motion-controller firmware

1. Open Luwu Tools in Chrome or Edge with Web Serial support.

2. Choose the XGO series and the exact physical model. Check the displayed firmware version, region and channel; the interface language alone is not sufficient verification.

3. Connect the body / motion-controller board’s flashing port using a USB data cable, following that model’s connection instructions. The Raspberry Pi head interface is not a substitute.

4. Review the flash options, open the serial-port picker and select the matching device. Start flashing as directed by the tool.

5. Keep the cable, browser and power connected until the tool reports completion. After restart, verify the firmware version and basic operation.

4. After-update checks

For current downloads see Luwu Imager and Luwu Tools.